***** OPEN OUTPUT LOG FILE  *****


log using "C:\Users\hongj\Dropbox\Administration of UI Programs in the American States (Ji-Hyeun Hong)\Administrative Inequality Bias (Paper #1)\Data Replication File Materials (JPART)\Output\Administrative Bias.APPENDIX C.02-01-2026.smcl", replace 





* APPENDIX C: INVESTIGATING SUB-MECHANISMS, II: DIFFERENTIAL GUBERNATORIAL PARTISAN APPOINTMENT AUTNORITY EFFECTS BASED ON (1) GOVERNORS' PRIOR BUSINESS EXPERIENCE, (2) STATE UI AGENCY HEAD'S PRIOR EXPERIENCE, and (3) NEITHER (1) or (2) [BASELINE EFFECTS] 







*** Retrieve "ADMINISTRATIVE BIAS" MANUSCRIPT Statistical Database [07-07-2025]  ***

use "C:\Users\hongj\Dropbox\Administration of UI Programs in the American States (Ji-Hyeun Hong)\Administrative Inequality Bias (Paper #1)\Data Replication File Materials (JPART)\Data\Admin_Bias.MANUSCRIPT DATABASE.07-07-2025.dta", clear



*** SET DATA TO PANEL STRUCTURE  ***

xtset state_numident year, yearly

*
*
*

**** COMPARISON OF INEQUALITY BIAS IN ADMINISTRATIVE ERROR DETECTION BETWEEN TARGETING CLAIMANT OVERPAYMENTS: 




****  APPENDIX C: CONDITIONAL GOVERNOR & STATE UI AGENCY HEAD BUSINESS BACKGROUND EFFECT MULTIPLICATIVE MODELS [MODELS C1 & C2]: DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN NON-PARTISAN AND PARTISAN DIRECT GUBERNATORIAL APPOINTMENT AUTHORITY  **** 





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*** MODELS C1 & C2: BENEFIT OVERPAYMENT ERROR DETECTION BY STATE UIP AGENCY-INITIATION [CLAIMANT-/NON-FRAUD] -- AMOUNTS IN 2010 CONSTANT-DOLLAR TERMS --- DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN GUBERNATORIAL APPOINTMENT AUTHORITY: PARTISAN DISTINCTIONS *** 
*** 



** LACK OF BUSINESS EXPERIENCE FOR BOTH GOVERNORS AND STATE UI AGENCY HEADS DECRIPTIVE STATISTICS **


* compute descriptive statistics & correlations for overall measure and within-state measures for each dependent variable [broken down by each appointment regime] *
 
 
* non-direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor with No Business Experience & State UI Agency Head with No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *2770152.8 
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0, detail

global amtiqr_f_rescaled3_0_nobiz_nobiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_0_nobiz_nobiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *3404812.5 
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global amtiqr_r_rescaled3_0_nobiz_nobiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_0_nobiz_nobiz

correlate detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1

*
*
*
*

* compute interquartile range difference (change from 25th percentile values to 75th percentile values) for above within-state measures *
* baseline gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 [Governor has No Direct Appointment Authority -- when governor & UI agency head lacks business experience]
* [no estimated parameter] 

* w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,770,152.8 [FULL SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_0_nobiz_nobiz

* w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $3,404,812.5 [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_0_nobiz_nobiz
*
*
*
*
 
* Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor with No Business Experience & State UI Agency Head with No Business Experience] 
* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *4054929.5
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0, detail
global amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0


* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] * 4054929.5
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1

*
*
*

* compute interquartile range difference (change from 25th percentile values to 75th percentile values) for above within-state measures *
* gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 [Republican Governor Direct Appointment -- when governor & UI agency head  lacks business experience]
* ["gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled | 1" parameter] *

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $4,054,929.5 [FULL SAMPLE] *
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $4,054,929.5 [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz
*
*
*
*
*

 
* Democratic direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor with No Business Experience & State UI Agency Head with No Business Experience 
*[gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 -- "gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled | 2" parameter] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *2750593.9
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0, detail
global amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *2750593.9
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1
*
*
*
* compute interquartile range difference (change from 25th percentile values to 75th percentile values) for above within-state measures *
* gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 [Democratic Governor Direct Appointment -- when governor & UI agency head  lacks business experience]
* [estimated "gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled | 2" parameter] *

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,750,593.9 [FULL SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,750,593.9 [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz

*
*
*
*


************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************



** BUSINESS EXPERIENCE FOR GOVERNORS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS **


* compute descriptive statistics & correlations for overall measure and within-state measures for each dependent variable [broken down by each appointment regime] *
 
 
* non-direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor with Business Experience  [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==1] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *2271029
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==1, detail
global amtiqr_f_rescaled3_0_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_0_govbiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==1

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *2754959.5
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global amtiqr_r_rescaled3_0_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_0_govbiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1
*
*
*

* compute interquartile range difference (change from 25th percentile values to 75th percentile values) for above within-state measures *
* baseline gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 [Governor has No Direct Appointment Authority -- when governor has business experience & UI agency head lacks business experience 
* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*gov_biz_binary] *


* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,271,028.8 [FULL SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_0_govbiz

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,754,959.5 [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_0_govbiz
*
*
*
 
* Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor with Business Experience  
* Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor with Business Experience  [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==1]
* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==1] *

* [FULL SAMPLE] *2215361
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==1, detail
global amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_govbiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==1 

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *2279663
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_govbiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1
*
*
*
* compute interquartile range difference (change from 25th percentile values to 75th percentile values) for above within-state measures *
* baseline gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 [Governor has No Direct Appointment Authority -- when governor & UI agency head lacks business experience]
* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*gov_biz_binary] *


* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,215,361.1 [FULL SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_govbiz

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,279,663.5 [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_govbiz
*
*
*
*
*

* Democratic direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor with Business Experience  [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==1] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *2677858
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==1, detail
global amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_govbiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==1

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *2737062
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_govbiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1
*
*
*
* compute interquartile range difference (change from 25th percentile values to 75th percentile values) for above within-state measures *
* baseline gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 [Governor has No Direct Appointment Authority -- when governor & UI agency head lacks business experience]
* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*gov_biz_binary] *

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,677,857.9 [FULL SAMPLE] *
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_govbiz

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,737,062 [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_govbiz
*
*
*

************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************



** STATE UI AGENCY HEADS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS **


* compute descriptive statistics & correlations for overall measure and within-state measures for each dependent variable [broken down by each appointment regime] *
 
 
* non-direct gubernatorial appointment regime & State UI Agency Head with No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & uihead_biz_binary==1] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *2033445
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & uihead_biz_binary==1, detail
global amtiqr_f_rescaled3_0_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_0_uibiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & uihead_biz_binary==1

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *2445807
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & uihead_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global amtiqr_r_rescaled3_0_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_0_uibiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & uihead_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1
*
*
*
*
* compute interquartile range difference (change from 25th percentile values to 75th percentile values) for above within-state measures *
* baseline gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 [Governor has No Direct Appointment Authority -- when governor lacks business experience & UI agency head has business experience]
* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*uihead_biz_binary] *

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,033,445 [FULL SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_0_uibiz

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,445,806.3 [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_0_uibiz
*
*
*
 
* Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & State UI Agency Head with No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & uihead_biz_binary==1] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & uihead_biz_binary==1, detail
global amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_uibiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & uihead_biz_binary==1 
*
*
* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & uihead_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_uibiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & uihead_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1
*
*
*
*
* compute interquartile range difference (change from 25th percentile values to 75th percentile values) for above within-state measures *
* baseline gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 [Governor has No Direct Appointment Authority -- when governor & UI agency head lacks business experience]
* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*uihead_biz_binary] *
*
* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,438,805.5 [FULL SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_uibiz

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $2,433,602.5 [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_uibiz
*
*
*
*

 
* Democratic direct gubernatorial appointment regime & State UI Agency Head with No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==1] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & uihead_biz_binary==1, detail
global amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_uibiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & uihead_biz_binary==1
*
*
_pctile w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & uihead_biz_binary==1, p(25)
return list
*
*
*
* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *
sum sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & uihead_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_uibiz

correlate sai_detamt_clmtreal  w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & uihead_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1
*
*
_pctile w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & uihead_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, p(25)
return list
*
*
* compute interquartile range difference (change from 25th percentile values to 75th percentile values) for above within-state measures *
* baseline gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 [Governor has No Direct Appointment Authority -- when governor & UI agency head lacks business experience]
* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*uihead_biz_binary | 2 1 estimated parameter] *
*
* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $34,427,966  [FULL SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_uibiz

* wdetamt_clmtreal_0.25 -->  wdetamt_clmtreal_0.75 = $34,427,966  [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] * 
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_uibiz


* Democratic and Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 or 2 & gov_biz_binary==0] * 

sum w_sai_detamt_clmtreal if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3!=0 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 , detail
global amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz =  round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz

sum w_sai_detamt_clmtreal_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3!=0 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz =  round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz
*
*
*
*
*



************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
* Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor without any Business Experience  & UI Agency Head without any Business Experience

* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0] *

* [FULL SAMPLE] 
sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0, detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] 
sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz


* Democratic direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor without any Business Experience  & UI Agency Head without any Business Experience

* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0] *

* [FULL SAMPLE] 
sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0, detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] 
sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz






** Compute interquartile range difference for within-state claimant error detection total counts

** ERROR DETECTION TOTAL COUNTS: GOVERNORS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS **

* [FULL SAMPLE] *6173 
sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==1, detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_0_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_0_govbiz

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *6357 
sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & gov_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_0_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_0_govbiz
*
*
*

* Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor with Business Experience  
* Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor with Business Experience  [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==1]
* [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==1] *

* [FULL SAMPLE] *4116  
sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==1, detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_govbiz

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *4121
sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & gov_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_govbiz
*
*
*


* Democratic direct gubernatorial appointment regime & Governor with Business Experience  [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==1] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *3913
sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==1, detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_2_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_2_govbiz

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *3913
sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_govbiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_govbiz


*
*
*


** ERROR DETECTION TOTAL COUNTS: STATE UI AGENCY HEADS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE  DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS **

* non-direct gubernatorial appointment regime & State UI Agency Head with No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & uihead_biz_binary==1] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *8353
sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & uihead_biz_binary==1, detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_0_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_0_uibiz

* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *8568
sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 & uihead_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_0_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_0_uibiz

*
*
*
*
 
* Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & State UI Agency Head with No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & uihead_biz_binary==1] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *4636
sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & uihead_biz_binary==1, detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_uibiz
*
*
* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *4813
sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 & uihead_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_uibiz
*
*
*
*

* Democratic direct gubernatorial appointment regime & State UI Agency Head with No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & gov_biz_binary==1] * 

* [FULL SAMPLE] *13056
sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & uihead_biz_binary==1, detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_2_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_2_uibiz
*
*
*
* [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] *13056
sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 & uihead_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_uibiz = round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_uibiz
*
*

* Democratic and Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 or 2 & gov_biz_binary==0] * 

sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3!=0 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 , detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz =  round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz

sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3!=0 & gov_biz_binary==0 & uihead_biz_binary==0 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz =  round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz


*
*

* Democratic and Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 or 2 & gov_biz_binary==1] * 

sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3!=0 & gov_biz_binary==1 , detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_govbiz =  round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_govbiz

sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3!=0 & gov_biz_binary==1 & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_govbiz =  round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_govbiz

*
*

* Democratic and Republican direct gubernatorial appointment regime & No Business Experience [gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 or 2 & uihead_biz_binary==1] * 

sum w_sai_detct_clmt if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3!=0 & uihead_biz_binary==1 , detail
global ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_uibiz =  round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_uibiz

sum w_sai_detct_clmt_omit if gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3!=0 & uihead_biz_binary==1  & nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1, detail
global ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_uibiz =  round(r(p75),1)-round(r(p25),1)
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_uibiz
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************





*** BUSINESS OCCUPATIONAL EXPERIENCE CONDITIONAL PARTISAN MODELS: DISTINCTION BETWEEN DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN GUBERNATORIAL DIRECT APPOINTMENT POWERS VERSUS ABSENCE OF SUCH INSTITUTIONAL POWERS [THREE GROUP CATEGORICAL MEASURE] INTERACTED WITH BINARY INDICATOR WHETHER STATE UI AGENCY HEAD HAS ANY PRIOR PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESS EXPERIENCE [UIHEAD_BIZ_BINARY = 1] OR LACK SUCH EXPERIENCE [UIHEAD_BIZ_BINARY = 0] ***




*** ESTIMATION OF MODELS C1 & C2: BENEFIT OVERPAYMENT ERROR DETECTION BY STATE UIP AGENCY-INITIATION [CLAIMANT-/NON-FRAUD] -- AMOUNTS IN 2010 CONSTANT-DOLLAR TERMS --- DISTINCTION BETWEEN DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN GUBERNATORIAL DIRECT APPOINTMENT POWERS VERSUS ABSENCE OF SUCH INSTITUTIONAL POWERS [THREE GROUP CATEGORICAL MEASURE] ***


*** PARTISAN BASELINE MODELS: DISTINCTION BETWEEN DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN GUBERNATORIAL DIRECT APPOINTMENT POWERS VERSUS ABSENCE OF SUCH INSTITUTIONAL POWERS  [THREE GROUP CATEGORICAL MEASURE] ***

*** gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==0 [ABSENCE OF DIRECT GUBERNATORIAL APPOINTMENT POWERS] &  gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==1 [REPUBLICAN DIRECT GUBERNATORIAL APPOINTMENT POWERS: CONSTRAINED & UNCONSTRAINED COMBINED] & gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3==2 [DEMOCRATIC DIRECT GUBERNATORIAL APPOINTMENT POWERS: CONSTRAINED & UNCONSTRAINED COMBINED] *** 




** MODEL C1 [FULL SAMPLE] **

glm  sai_detamt_clmtreal   i.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3##i.gov_biz_binary  i.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3##i.uihead_biz_binary   electionyear econideol_median  publicunion_cov  unemp_rate  ln_uiadmin_budget_real  ln_pop_size  ln_clmterror_est  ln_employerappeals_ct  i.state_numident i.year,  family(normal) link(log) vce(cluster state_numident)
*
estat ic
*
*
estimate store mC1
*
*
*


** MODEL C2 [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] **

glm  sai_detamt_clmtreal  i.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3##i.gov_biz_binary  i.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3##i.uihead_biz_binary   electionyear econideol_median  publicunion_cov  unemp_rate  ln_uiadmin_budget_real  ln_pop_size  ln_clmterror_est  ln_employerappeals_ct  i.state_numident i.year  if nonpartisan_gubapprove!=1,  family(normal) link(log) vce(cluster state_numident)
*
estat ic
*
*
estimate store mC2
*
*
*
*
*
*
estimates dir
*
*
*



************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************




***** FIGURE C1: CONDITIONAL MARGINAL EFFECT OF BUSINESS EXPERIENCE [OR LACK THEREOF] ON CLAIMANT OVERPAYMENT ERROR DETECTION FROM MODEL C1 ESTIMATES [FULL SAMPLE] ******




*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************




**** FIGURE C1 [TOP PORTION: PARTISAN DISTINCTIONS]:  REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS  [FULL SAMPLE] ****

macro list _all

** REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT: NEITHER GOVERNORS NOR UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** 

* Republican/Benefit Overpayment Error Detection/No Business Experience 
estimate restore mC1
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz
matrix mC1a1 = 2, 2, 1, 1, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz

*
*
*
** REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT MARGINAL EFFECT: GOVERNOR HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** 

* Republican/Benefit Overpayment Error Detection/Gov. Business Experience 

estimate restore mC1
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.gov_biz_binary*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_govbiz
matrix mC1a2 = 3, 2, 1, 2, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_govbiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_govbiz

*
*
*
** REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT MARGINAL EFFECT: STATE UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** 

* Republican/Benefit Overpayment Error Detection/Agency Head Business Experience 

estimate restore mC1
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.uihead_biz_binary*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_uibiz
matrix mC1a3 = 4, 2, 1, 3, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_uibiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1_uibiz
*
*
*
*
*
*
*


**** FIGURE C1 [MIDDLE PORTION: PARTISAN DISTINCTIONS]: DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS  [FULL SAMPLE] ****


** DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT MARGINAL EFFECT: NEITHER GOVERNORS NOR UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** 

estimate restore mC1
lincom  2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz
matrix mC1b1 = 8, 3, 1, 1, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_f_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz
*
*

** DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT MARGINAL EFFECT: GOVERNOR HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** 

estimate restore mC1
lincom 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.gov_biz_binary*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_govbiz
matrix mC1b2 = 9, 3, 1, 2, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)

*
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_2_govbiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_f_rescaled3_2_govbiz
*
*
*

** DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT MARGINAL EFFECT: STATE UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** 

estimate restore mC1
lincom 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.uihead_biz_binary*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_uibiz
matrix mC1b3 = 10, 3, 1, 3, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_uibiz
di r(estimate)/$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_uibiz
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

**# Bookmark #1


**** FIGURE C1 [BOTTOM PORTION: PARTISAN DISTINCTIONS]: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT BETWEEN REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT - DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT [FULL SAMPLE] ****



*** DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT BETWEEN REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT - DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT: NEITHER GOVERNORS NOR UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** 
estimate restore mC1
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz - 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz
matrix mC1c1 = 14, 4, 1, 1, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz

*
*
*

*

**** DIFFERENTIAL MARGINAL EFFECT BETWEEN REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT - DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT: GOVERNOR HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE *** 
estimate restore mC1
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.gov_biz_binary*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_govbiz - 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.gov_biz_binary*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_govbiz
matrix mC1c2 = 15, 4, 1, 2, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_govbiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_govbiz
*
*
*

*** DIFFERENTIAL MARGINAL EFFECT BETWEEN REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT - DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT: STATE UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** 
estimate restore mC1
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.uihead_biz_binary*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_1_uibiz - 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.uihead_biz_binary*$amtiqr_f_rescaled3_2_uibiz
matrix mC1c3 = 16, 4, 1, 3, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_uibiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_f_rescaled3_1or2_uibiz
*
*
*

************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************




***** FIGURE C2: CONDITIONAL MARGINAL EFFECT OF BUSINESS EXPERIENCE [OR LACK THEREOF] ON CLAIMANT OVERPAYMENT ERROR DETECTION FROM MODEL C2 ESTIMATES [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] ******




*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************




****  FIGURE C2 [TOP PORTION: PARTISAN DISTINCTIONS]: REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] ****





** REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT: NEITHER REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS NOR UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** {JHH: NEED TO UPDATE}
estimate restore mC2
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz
matrix mC2a1 = 2, 2, 2, 1, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz
* 
*
*

** REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT MARGINAL EFFECT: REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** {JHH: NEED TO UPDATE}
estimate restore mC2
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.gov_biz_binary*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_govbiz
matrix mC2a2 = 3, 2, 2, 2, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_govbiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_govbiz
* 
*
*

** REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT MARGINAL EFFECT: STATE UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** {JHH: NEED TO UPDATE}
estimate restore mC2
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.uihead_biz_binary*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_uibiz
matrix mC2a3 = 4, 2, 2, 3, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_uibiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1_uibiz

* 
*
*



****  FIGURE C2 [MIDDLE PORTION: PARTISAN DISTINCTIONS]: DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] ****



** DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT: NEITHER GOVERNORS NOR UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** {JHH: NEED TO UPDATE}
estimate restore mC2
lincom 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz
matrix mC2b1 = 8, 3, 2, 1, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz
* 
*
*


** DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT MARGINAL EFFECT: GOVERNOR HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** {JHH: NEED TO UPDATE}
estimate restore mC2
lincom 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.gov_biz_binary*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_govbiz
matrix mC2b2 = 9, 3, 2, 2, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_govbiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_govbiz
* 
*
*
*

** DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT MARGINAL EFFECT: STATE UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** {JHH: NEED TO UPDATE}
estimate restore mC2
lincom 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.uihead_biz_binary*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_uibiz
matrix mC2b3 = 10, 3, 2, 3, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_uibiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_r_rescaled3_2_uibiz
* 
*
*
*





****  FIGURE C2 [BOTTOM PORTION] DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT BETWEEN REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT - DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT  [RESTRICTED SAMPLE] **** 



*** DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT BETWEEN REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT - DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT: NEITHER GOVERNORS NOR UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** {JHH: NEED TO UPDATE}
estimate restore mC2
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_nobiz_nobiz - 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_nobiz_nobiz
matrix mC2c1 = 14, 4, 2, 1, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_nobiz
* 
* 
*
*

*** DIFFERENTIAL MARGINAL EFFECT BETWEEN REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT - DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT: GOVERNOR HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE *** {JHH: NEED TO UPDATE}
estimate restore mC2
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.gov_biz_binary*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_govbiz - 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.gov_biz_binary*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_govbiz
matrix mC2c2 = 15, 4, 2, 2, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_govbiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_govbiz
* 
*
*



*** DIFFERENTIAL MARGINAL EFFECT BETWEEN REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT - DEMOCRATIC GOVERNORS DIRECT APPOINTMENT: STATE UI AGENCY HEAD HAS BUSINESS EXPERIENCE ** {JHH: NEED TO UPDATE}
estimate restore mC2
lincom 1.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.uihead_biz_binary*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_1_uibiz  - 2.gubapptauth_partisan_rescaled3#1.uihead_biz_binary*$amtiqr_r_rescaled3_2_uibiz
matrix mC2c3 = 16, 4, 2, 3, r(estimate), r(lb), r(ub), r(p)
*
di $ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_uibiz
di r(estimate)/$ctiqr_r_rescaled3_1or2_uibiz
* 
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cd "C:\Users\hongj\Dropbox\Administration of UI Programs in the American States (Ji-Hyeun Hong)\Administrative Inequality Bias (Paper #1)\JPART R&R\Statistics\Output Files"

esttab mC1 mC2 using AppendixC_TableC1.02-01-2026.rtf, ///
cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par) p(fmt(3) par("[" "]"))) starl( * 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.010) label ///
nonumbers mtitles("Model C1" "Model C2" )  ///
stats(year ll aic bic pseudor N, fmt(2)) replace


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**# PUTEXCEL: ESTIMATES FOR FIGURE C1 (State Agency Initiated Benefit Overpayment Error Detection: FULL SAMPLE)
matrix row1 = 1, ., ., ., ., ., ., .
matrix row5 = 5, ., ., ., ., ., ., .
matrix row6 = 6, ., ., ., ., ., ., .
matrix row7 = 7, ., ., ., ., ., ., .

matrix row10 = 10, ., ., ., ., ., ., .

matrix row11 = 11, ., ., ., ., ., ., .
matrix row12 = 12, ., ., ., ., ., ., .
matrix row13 = 13, ., ., ., ., ., ., .

matrix row16 = 16, ., ., ., ., ., ., .


matrix figC1 = row1\mC1a1\mC1a2\mC1a3\row5\row6\row7\mC1b1\mC1b2\row10\row11\row12\row13\mC1c1\mC1c2\row16
matrix colnames figC1= row partisan group business estimates lb ub p-value
matrix list figC1

putexcel set "C:\Users\hongj\Dropbox\Administration of UI Programs in the American States (Ji-Hyeun Hong)\Administrative Inequality Bias (Paper #1)\JPART R&R\Statistics\Graphics Files\FigC1-02-01-2026.xlsx", sheet("lincomresults") replace
putexcel A1= matrix(figC1), colnames 





**# PUTEXCEL: ESTIMATES FOR FIGURE C2 (State Agency Initiated Benefit Overpayment Error Detection: RESTRICTED SAMPLE)

matrix figC2 = row1\mC2a1\mC2a2\mC2a3\row5\row6\row7\mC2b1\mC2b2\row10\row11\row12\row13\mC2c1\mC2c2\row16
matrix colnames figC2= row partisan group business estimates lb ub p-value
matrix list figC2

putexcel set "C:\Users\hongj\Dropbox\Administration of UI Programs in the American States (Ji-Hyeun Hong)\Administrative Inequality Bias (Paper #1)\JPART R&R\Statistics\Graphics Files\FigC2-02-01-2026.xlsx", sheet("lincomresults") replace
putexcel A1= matrix(figC2), colnames 






save "C:\Users\hongj\Dropbox\Administration of UI Programs in the American States (Ji-Hyeun Hong)\Administrative Inequality Bias (Paper #1)\Data Replication File Materials (JPART)\Data\Statistical Database_admin_bias.APPENDIX C.02-01-2026.dta", replace


*
*
*
*
*

**************************************************************************
** Set Default Graphics Settings


**# Generate Graph "Figure C1" 
import excel "C:\Users\hongj\Dropbox\Administration of UI Programs in the American States (Ji-Hyeun Hong)\Administrative Inequality Bias (Paper #1)\JPART R&R\Statistics\Graphics Files\FigC1-02-01-2026.xlsx", firstrow clear

set scheme stcolor
graph set window fontface "Cambria Math"

twoway (rcap lb ub row, lpattern(solid) horizontal) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==2 & business==1, mcolor(red) msymbol(square) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==2 & business==2, mcolor(red) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==2 & business==3, mcolor(red) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==3 & business==1, mcolor(blue) msymbol(square) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==3 & business==2, mcolor(blue) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==3 & business==3, mcolor(blue) msymbol(none) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==4 & business==1, mcolor(purple) msymbol(square) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==4 & business==2, mcolor(purple) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==4 & business==3, mcolor(purple) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
, xline(0, lcolor(red) lpattern(shortdash))  ///
text(10 0 "NR", place(w) size(small)) ///
text(16 0 "NR", place(w) size(small)) ///
text(0.7 -8100000 "{bf: Republican Gov. Direct Appointment}",place(w) size(medsmall)) ///
text(6.5 -8100000 "{bf: Democratic Gov. Direct Appointment}",place(w) size(medsmall)) ///
text(12.5 -8050000 "{bf: Republican - Democratic Gov. Difference}",place(w) size(medsmall)) ///
note("Note: NR refers to Not Reported due to excessively imprecise estimates", pos(7)) ///
ylabel(2 "No Business Experience" 3 "Governor's Business Experience"4 "Agency Head's Business Experience" 8 "No Business Experience" 9 "Governor's Business Experience" 10 "Agency Head's Business Experience" 14 "No Business Experience" 15 "Governor's Business Experience" 16 "Agency Head's Business Experience" ///
,angle(0) labsize(medsmall) nogrid noticks)  ///
legend(off)  ///
xlabel(-8000000 "-$8"  -6000000 "-$6" -4000000 "-$4" -2000000 "-$2" 0 "$0" 2000000 "$2" 4000000 "$4", labsize(medsmall)) ///
yscale(reverse) graphregion(margin(l+5 r+2))  scale(0.9)  ///
title(" {bf:Figure C1 Conditional Appointment Authority Effects}" "{bf:on Agency Initiated Benefit Overpayment Error Detection}" "{bf: by Governors and Agency Heads' Business Experience}" , size(large) span)  ///
subtitle("(Unemployment Insurance Agency Heads in the American States, 2002-2021 [FULL SAMPLE])", size(medsmall) span margin(t+0.2 b+5)) ///
xtitle("Agency Initiated Benefit Overpayment Detection (Millions)", size(medsmall) margin(medium)) ytitle("") 

graph save "C:\Users\hongj\Dropbox\Administration of UI Programs in the American States (Ji-Hyeun Hong)\Administrative Inequality Bias (Paper #1)\JPART R&R\Statistics\Graphics Files\FigC1-02-01-2026", replace







**# Generate Graph "Figure C2" 

import excel "C:\Users\hongj\Dropbox\Administration of UI Programs in the American States (Ji-Hyeun Hong)\Administrative Inequality Bias (Paper #1)\JPART R&R\Statistics\Graphics Files\FigC2-02-01-2026.xlsx", firstrow clear

set scheme stcolor
graph set window fontface "Cambria Math"

twoway (rcap lb ub row, lpattern(solid) horizontal) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==2 & business==1, mcolor(red) msymbol(square) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==2 & business==2, mcolor(red) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==2 & business==3, mcolor(red) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==3 & business==1, mcolor(blue) msymbol(square) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==3 & business==2, mcolor(blue) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==3 & business==3, mcolor(blue) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==4 & business==1, mcolor(purple) msymbol(square) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==4 & business==2, mcolor(purple) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
(scatter row estimates if partisan==4 & business==3, mcolor(purple) msymbol(square_hollow) msize(medsmall)) ///
, xline(0, lcolor(red) lpattern(shortdash))  ///
text(10 0 "NR", place(w) size(small)) ///
text(16 0 "NR", place(w) size(small)) ///
text(0.7 -8100000 "{bf: Republican Gov. Direct Appointment}",place(w) size(medsmall)) ///
text(6.5 -8100000 "{bf: Democratic Gov. Direct Appointment}",place(w) size(medsmall)) ///
text(12.5 -8050000 "{bf: Republican - Democratic Gov. Difference}",place(w) size(medsmall)) ///
note("Note: NR refers to Not Reported due to excessively imprecise estimates", pos(7)) ///
ylabel(2 "No Business Experience" 3 "Governor's Business Experience"4 "Agency Head's Business Experience" 8 "No Business Experience" 9 "Governor's Business Experience" 10 "Agency Head's Business Experience" 14 "No Business Experience" 15 "Governor's Business Experience" 16 "Agency Head's Business Experience" ///
,angle(0) labsize(medsmall) nogrid noticks)  ///
legend(off)  ///
xlabel(-8000000 "-$8"  -6000000 "-$6" -4000000 "-$4" -2000000 "-$2" 0 "$0" 2000000 "$2" 4000000 "$4", labsize(medsmall)) ///
yscale(reverse) graphregion(margin(l+5 r+2))  scale(0.9) ///
title(" {bf:Figure C2 Conditional Appointment Authority Effects}" "{bf:on Agency Initiated Benefit Overpayment Error Detection}" "{bf: by Governors and Agency Heads' Business Experience}" , size(large) span)  ///
subtitle("(Unemployment Insurance Agency Heads in the American States, 2002-2021 [RESTRICTED SAMPLE])", size(medsmall) span margin(t+0.2 b+5)) ///
xtitle("Agency Initiated Benefit Overpayment Detection (Constant 2010 Millions)", size(medsmall) margin(medium)) ytitle("") 



graph save "C:\Users\hongj\Dropbox\Administration of UI Programs in the American States (Ji-Hyeun Hong)\Administrative Inequality Bias (Paper #1)\JPART R&R\Statistics\Graphics Files\FigC2-02-01-2026", replace








log close

